Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by damage to the optic nerve, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This progressive condition can lead to gradual vision loss and, if left untreated, may result in blindness.

Glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms, particularly in its early stages, making regular eye exams essential for early detection. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include peripheral vision loss, leading to "tunnel vision," and, in advanced cases, central vision loss. The gradual nature of vision loss means that many individuals do not notice changes until significant damage has occurred. The impact on daily life can be severe, affecting activities such as reading, driving, and navigating familiar environments.

Managing glaucoma focuses on lowering intraocular pressure to prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Treatment options include topical eye drops that reduce IOP, oral medications, and laser therapies to improve fluid drainage within the eye. In some cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to create a new drainage pathway or to implant devices to control pressure. Regular monitoring by an ophthalmologist is essential to assess the effectiveness of treatment, adjust medications, and ensure that IOP remains within a safe range. Early diagnosis and consistent management are key to preventing vision loss and maintaining quality of life for individuals with glaucoma.