Cataracts are a common eye condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to a gradual loss of vision. This condition typically develops with aging but can also result from trauma, certain medications, or genetic factors. As the lens becomes opaque, light is scattered rather than focused clearly on the retina, causing blurred or dimmed vision.

Symptoms of cataracts include blurred or cloudy vision, increased difficulty seeing at night, sensitivity to light and glare, and faded colors. Patients may also experience double vision or find that their glasses or contact lenses are no longer effective. The progressive nature of cataracts can significantly impact daily activities, such as reading, driving, and performing tasks that require clear vision, affecting overall quality of life and independence.

The primary treatment for cataracts is surgical intervention, which involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with a clear artificial lens, known as an intraocular lens (IOL). Cataract surgery is typically performed on an outpatient basis and is highly effective, with most patients experiencing significant improvements in vision. Prior to surgery, a thorough eye examination and measurements are conducted to select the appropriate IOL and ensure optimal outcomes. Post-surgery, patients may require follow-up visits to monitor healing and assess visual acuity. With timely treatment, cataract surgery can restore clear vision and greatly enhance quality of life.